Tools and practical guidance to support HIV indicator condition-guided testing

OptTEST (Optimising testing and linkage to care for HIV across Europe)
www.opttest.eu

An EU Commission-funded project, completed in 2017, which aimed to help reduce the number of undiagnosed people with HIV infection in Europe and to promote timely treatment and care. Its website contains a series of tools to support HIV indicator condition-guided testing, including a slide set, an e-learning module for staff who offer testing, and a planning tool on how to set up HIV indicator-guided testing in a clinic.

HIV for non-HIV specialists Diagnosing the undiagnosed. A practical guide for healthcare professionals in secondary care to support improved detection and diagnosis of HIV in Europe (2016) First edition by Dr Rachel Baggaley. Second edition by Dr Ann Sullivan, Dr Emma Devitt & Ruth Lowbury. Adapted for the European context by Dr Miriam Taegtmeyer. MEDFASH and JUSTRI.

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Guidance and guidelines

HIV in Europe (2012) HIV Indicator Conditions: Guidance for Implementing HIV Testing in Adults in Health Care Settings

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Gökengin D, Geretti AM, Begovac J et al (2014) 2014 European Guideline on HIV testing. Int J STD AIDS 25: 695-704.

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World Health Organization (2015) Consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services.

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European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2018) Public health guidance on HIV, hepatitis B and C testing in the EU/EEA: An integrated approach.

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Epidemiology of HIV in Europe

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, WHO Regional Office for Europe (2018) HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2018 – 2017 data. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.

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Brown AE, Hayes R, Noori T, Azad Y, Amato-Gauci AJ, Pharris A, Delpech VC, the ECDC Dublin Declaration Monitoring Network (2018) HIV in Europe and Central Asia: progress in 2018 towards meeting the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets. Euro Surveill. 23(48):pii=1800622

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European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2017) Thematic report: Continuum of HIV care.
Monitoring implementation of the Dublin Declaration on Partnership to Fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia: 2017 progress report. Stockholm: ECDC.

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European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2017) The status of the HIV response in the European Union/European Economic Area, 2016. Stockholm. ECDC.

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References

1. Uthayakumar S, Nandwani R, Drinkwater T et al (1997) The prevalence of skin disease in HIV infection and its relationship to the degree of immunosuppression. Br J Dermatol. 137:595-8. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03793.x/abstract

2. Uthayakumar S, Nandwani R, Drinkwater T et al (1997) The prevalence of skin disease in HIV infection and its relationship to the degree of immunosuppression. Br J Dermatol. 137:595-8. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03793.x/abstract

3. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, WHO Regional Office for Europe (2018) HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2018 – 2017 data. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/hivaids-surveillance-europe-2018-2017-data

4. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (2017) Action Plan for the health sector response to HIV in the European Region. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/357478/HIV-action-plan-en.pdf

5. Brown AE, Hayes R, Noori T et al (2018) HIV in Europe and Central Asia: progress in 2018 towards meeting the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets. Euro Surveill. 23(48):pii=1800622. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.48.1800622

6. Marks G, Crepaz N, Janssen RS (2006) Estimating sexual transmission of HIV from persons aware and unaware that they are infected with the virus in the USA. AIDS. 20(10):1447-50. http://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/fulltext/2006/06260/Estimating_sexual_transmission_of_HIV_from_persons.12.aspx

7. Trickey A, May MT, Vehreschild J-J et al (2017) Survival of HIV-positive patients starting antiretroviral therapy between 1996 and 2013; a collaborative analysis of cohort studies. Lancet HIV. 4(8):e349-e356. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhiv/article/PIIS2352-3018(17)30066-8/fulltext

8. Mocroft A, Lundgren JD, Sabin ML et al (2013) Risk factors and outcomes for late presentation for HIV-positive persons in Europe: results from the Collaboration of Observational HIV Epidemiological Research Europe Study (COHERE). PLOS Med. 10:e1001510. http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001510

9. Rodger AJ, Cambiano V, Bruun T et al (2016) Sexual activity without condoms and risk of HIV transmission in serodifferent couples when the HIV-positive partner is using suppressive antiretroviral therapy. JAMA.316(2):171-181. http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2533066

10. Rodger A, Cambiano V, Bruun T et al (2018) Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in MSM couples with suppressive ART: The PARTNER2 Study extended results in gay men. AIDS 2018, 23-27 July 2018, Amsterdam. Late breaker oral abstract WEAX0104LB. http://programme.aids2018.org/Abstract/Abstract/13470

11. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, WHO Regional Office for Europe (2018) HIV/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2018 – 2017 data. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/hivaids-surveillance-europe-2018-2017-data

12. Pharris A, Quinten C, Noori T et al (2016) Estimating HIV incidence and number of undiagnosed individuals living with HIV in the European Union/European Economic Area, 2015. Euro Surveill. 21(48): 30417. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388115/

13. Sullivan AK, Curtis H, Sabin CA et al. (2005) Newly diagnosed HIV infections: review in UK and Ireland. BMJ. 330:1301-2. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC558202

14. Champenois K, Cousien A, Cuzin L et al (2013) Missed opportunities for HIV testing in newly-HIV-diagnosed patients, a cross sectional study. BMC Infect Dis. 13:200. https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-13-200

15. Brännström J, Svedhem V, Marrone G et al (2016) Symptomatic Patients without Epidemiological Indicators of HIV Have a High Risk of Missed Diagnosis: A Multi-Centre Cross Sectional Study. PLOS ONE. 11(9): e0162503. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0162503

16. Joore IK, Twisk DE, Vanrolleghem AM et al (2016) The need to scale up HIV indicator condition-guided testing for early case-finding: a case-control study in primary care. BMC Fam Pract. 17(1):161. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5114759/

17. Gargallo-Bernad C, Sangrós-González FJ, Arazo-Garcés P et al (2018) Missed opportunities in the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in the Region of Aragon. Late diagnosis importance. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.). Available online. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2018.03.007

18. HIV in Europe secretariat (2012) HIV Indicator Conditions: Guidance for Implementing HIV Testing in Adults in Health Care Settings. http://www.hiveurope.eu/HIV-Indicator-Conditions

19. Sullivan AK, Raben D, Reekie J et al (2013) Feasibility and effectiveness of indicator condition-guided testing for HIV: results from HIDES I (HIV indicator diseases across Europe study). PLOS ONE. 8:e52845. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0052845

20. Raben D. Mocroft A, Rayment M et al (2015) Auditing HIV Testing Rates across Europe: Results from the HIDES 2 Study. PLOS ONE. 10(11):e0140845. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0140845

21. Uthayakumar S, Nandwani R, Drinkwater T et al (1997) The prevalence of skin disease in HIV infection and its relationship to the degree of immunosuppression. Br J Dermatol. 137:595-8. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03793.x/abstract

22. Sullivan AK, Raben D, Reekie J et al (2013) Feasibility and effectiveness of indicator condition-guided testing for HIV: results from HIDES I (HIV indicator diseases across Europe study). PLOS ONE. 8:e52845. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0052845

23. Hsu DT, Ruf M, O’Shea S et al (2013) Diagnosing HIV infection in patients presenting with glandular fever-like illness in primary care: are we missing primary HIV infection? HIV Med. 14:60-3. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-1293.2012.01023.x/pdf

24. Sullivan AK, Raben D, Reekie J et al (2013) Feasibility and effectiveness of indicator condition-guided testing for HIV: results from HIDES I (HIV indicator diseases across Europe study). PLOS ONE. 8:e52845. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0052845

25. Gökengin D, Geretti AM, Begovac J et al (2014) 2014 European Guideline on HIV testing. Int J STD AIDS. 25: 695-704. http://std.sagepub.com/content/25/10/695.full.pdf+html

26. Sullivan AK, Raben D, Reekie J et al (2013) Feasibility and effectiveness of indicator condition-guided testing for HIV: results from HIDES I (HIV indicator diseases across Europe study). PLOS ONE. 8:e52845. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0052845

27. Sullivan AK, Raben D, Reekie J et al (2013) Feasibility and effectiveness of indicator condition-guided testing for HIV: results from HIDES I (HIV indicator diseases across Europe study). PLOS ONE. 8:e52845. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0052845

28. Gökengin D, Geretti AM, Begovac J et al (2014) 2014 European Guideline on HIV testing. Int J STD AIDS. 25: 695-704. http://std.sagepub.com/content/25/10/695.full.pdf+html